Research | Volume 8, Article  6, 26 Mar 2025

Epidemiology of Malaria Cases, Sunyani Municipality, Ghana, 2020

Abdul Gafaru Mohammed1,2, Christopher Sunkwa Tamal1,3, Magdalene Akos Odikro1,&, Charles Lwanga Noora1,3, Prince Romeo Quarshie3,4, Edwin Andrew Afari1,2, Ernest Kenu1

1Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana, 2School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, 3Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana, 4Sunyani Municipal Health Directorate, Sunyani, Bono Region, Ghana

&Magdalene Akos Odikro, Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana. odikrom@gmail.com

Received: 08 Dec 2023 – Accepted: 10 Jan 2025 – Published: 10 Jan 2025

Domain: Field Epidemiology

Keywords: Chemoprevention, adherence, incidence, malaria, Tenkodogo, Burkina Faso

©Yewayan Larba Berenger Kabore et al Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health (ISSN: 2664-2824). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cite this article: Yewayan Larba Berenger Kabore et al . Factors contributing to preventing malaria in children aged 3 to 59 months after the first cycle of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Tenkodogo Health District of Burkina Faso, July 2020: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2025;8:1.

Available online at: https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/8/1/full

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is endemic in Ghana, accounting for about 40% of all Outpatient Department (OPD) diagnoses. Data on malaria is routinely collected as part of the IDSR monthly reporting forms. Sunyani municipality recorded 56,540 malaria cases in 2016 with about 35% of the cases occurring in children under five years of age. We analyzed malaria surveillance data to identify the distribution of malaria cases by person, place, and time and determine the timeliness and completeness of malaria report submissions in the municipality.

 

Methods: We analyzed malaria surveillance data in Sunyani municipality reported between 2015 and 2019 from the District Health Information Management System (DHIMS 2). We calculated morbidity and mortality rates of cases by person and estimated the proportion of cases by sub-districts. We performed trend analysis and calculated disease threshold levels. We presented the findings using tables and figures.

 

Results: Of 639,361 malaria cases suspected, 93.5% (597512/639361) were tested, of which 49.4% (295458/597512) were positive. Females accounted for 55.7% (164436/295458) of confirmed cases. Children under 5 years recorded the highest proportion, 29.9% (88135/295458) of cases in the municipality. The case fatality rate was 3.7% (18/484) and 1.4% (7/484) for persons under five years and five or more years, respectively. Abesim subdistrict (6276.03 per 10000) recorded the highest number of cases, and the lowest case count was in New Dormaa subdistrict (1890.97 per 10000). The majority of malaria cases were in May and October of each year. Antwi-krom subdistrict recorded the highest rates of report completeness and timeliness at 41.9% and 40.0% respectively.

 

Conclusion: More females were diagnosed with malaria and children <5 years recorded the highest proportion of cases in the municipality. Abesim recorded the highest proportion of malaria cases during the period. High patterns of malaria transmission occurred during months of high rainfall. None of the sub-districts met the World Health Organization (WHO) target for timeliness and completeness of report submission. The National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) should consider interventions such as Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) among children under five, in the municipality.

Introduction

In 2018, 228 million cases of malaria were reported globally, with an estimated 405,000 malaria-related deaths. The WHO African Region accounted for 94% of all these deaths [1]. Particularly vulnerable to malaria are pregnant women and children under five years [2]. The illness claims a child´s life every 2 minutes, making it the second-largest cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa [3]. About 67% (272, 000) of all malaria-related deaths in 2018 occurred in children under five years of age [1].

 

Malaria remains a hyperendemic disease posing a significant public health challenge in Ghana [4,5]. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite the scale-up of new malaria preventive and control interventions [6,7]. In 2020, the country recorded over 5.2 million confirmed cases of malaria with 308 malaria-associated deaths [8]. Malaria transmission is generally stable in Ghana with varying endemicity across the regions in Ghana. Malaria Indicator Survey 2019 showed a parasite prevalence of 14.1%, a decrease from 27.5% in 2011 with prevalence ranging from approximately 2.4% in Greater Accra to 27.0% in the Western Region [9].

 

Various malaria control interventions such as mass and school-based distribution of insecticide-treated nets and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among pregnant women have been implemented in the Bono region to control the burden of malaria. Despite these measures, there is still a high malaria burden in the area [10]. Sunyani municipality recorded an upward trend of malaria cases from 43,467 in 2013 to 56,540 cases in 2016, with about 35% of the cases occurring in children under five [11]. Malaria morbidity and mortality data in the municipality is collected through the passive surveillance approach. Even with the malaria surveillance system in the municipality, there has been limited epidemiological analysis of the data gathered to inform decision-making on malaria preventive and control measures. We thus analyzed the five years´ malaria morbidity and mortality data to determine the distribution of malaria cases by person, place and time and to determine the timeliness and completeness of malaria report submission in the municipality.

Methods  

Methods go here.

Results

Results go here

Discussion

Discussion here

Conclusion

Discussion here

Competing Interest

go here

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgmenets Interest go here

Authors´ contributions

Author contributions here

Tables & Figures

Tables and Figures

References

References
 

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Table 1: Sociodemographic characteristics of children aged 03 to 59 months and their mothers or babysitters (n=842)

Table 2: Factors associated with malaria occurrence after first cycle of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Tenkodogo District in 2020: Univariate and multivariate analysis

Yewayan Larba Berenger Kabore et al. Factors contributing to preventing malaria in children aged 3 to 59 months after the first cycle of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Tenkodogo Health District of Burkina Faso, July 2020: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health . 2025;8 :1

Figure 1: Sampling flow chart of the study
Figure 2: Malaria incidence by week children aged 03 to 59 months after first cycle of SMC in Tenkodogo, July 2020
Figure 2: Malaria incidence by week children aged 03 to 59 months after first cycle of SMC in Tenkodogo, July 2020
Figure 2: Malaria incidence by week children aged 03 to 59 months after first cycle of SMC in Tenkodogo, July 2020

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Burkina Faso

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