Conference Abstract | Volume 8, Abstract ELIC2025374 (Oral 76) | Published: 18 Aug 2025
Olalekan Ezekiel Ojo1,&, Olufemi Ayodeji1, Olubukola Ayoola Ojo1, Dare Subulade1, Isaac Ihinmikaye1, Muzamil Olamide Hassan2, Fatiu Abiola Arogundade2,3, Liasu Adeagbo Ahmed1
1Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria, 2Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, 3Federal University of Medical Sciences, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
&Corresponding author: Olalekan Ezekiel Ojo, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Email: ayolekan2001@yahoo.co.uk
Received: 31 May 2025, Accepted: 09 Jul 2025, Published: 18 Aug 2025
Domain: Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Keywords: AKI, Outcome, Predictors, Mortality, Lassa fever
©Olalekan Ezekiel Ojo et al. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health (ISSN: 2664-2824). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cite this article: Olalekan Ezekiel Ojo et al., Predictors of acute kidney injury and in-hospital mortality in adult patients with RT-PCR confirmed Lassa fever infection in southwest, Nigeria. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2025;8(ConfProc5):00076. https://doi.org/10.37432/JIEPH-CONFPRO5-00076
Despite the increased rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult admitted and treated for Lassa fever and associated mortality, data on the epidemiology of AKI in this context is limited. We investigated the rates and predictors of AKI and associated in-hospital mortality at a National Treatment Centre, South-west Nigeria.
This prospective study included 482 patients with RT-PCR Confirmed Lassa Fever admitted to the to the Lassa fever ward at the Federal Medical Centre, Owo (FMCO) in Ondo State, Nigeria, from January 2019 to December 2024. The outcome parameters of the study were rates of AKI and mortality and associated risk factors. Predictors of AKI and in-hospital mortality were established by the multivariable logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
The prevalence rate of AKI was 21% (95% CI, 17.4% – 24.9%). A total of 48 (10.1%) patients died, including 33 (32.7%) with AKI, and 15 (4.0%) without AKI, with odds ratio; 11.647 confidence interval: 6.001 – 22.604, p=<0.001. Predictors of AKI were male gender (p<0.001), bleeding abnormalities (p=0.044), diabetes (p=0.029), high white blood cell counts (p=0.005), increased neutrophil counts (p=0.003), and elevated aspartate transaminase levels (p=0.017). Identified predictors of mortality were AKI (p=0.033), oliguria (p=0.045), (p=0.001), haematuria (p=0.015), and monocyte counts (p=0.022). The Kaplan Meier Survival Curve showed that patients with AKI had significantly poorer survival rates compared to those without AKI, with mean survival durations of 19.0 days versus 29.7 days (p≤0.001).
AKI is prevalent in hospitalized adults with Lassa fever and is associated with high mortality due to factors such as oliguria, blood pressure, haematuria, and monocyte count. Identified predictors of AKI include male gender, bleeding, diabetes, white blood cell count, and aspartate transaminase levels.
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