Conference Abstract | Volume 8, Abstract ELIC2025309 (Oral 009) | Published: 11 Aug 2025
Olawale Sunday Animasaun1,2,3,&, Piring’ar Mercy Niyang1, John Okwy Ikelionwu1, Busayo Kayode Akomolafe2,4, Ibrahim Bola Gobir1, Rosemary Ajuma Audu5
1Georgetown Global Health Nigeria, Abuja FCT, Nigeria, 2Oyo State Primary Health Care Board, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, 4Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja FCT, Nigeria, 5Nigeria Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
&Corresponding author: Olawale Sunday Animasaun, Georgetown Global Health Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. Email: oanimasaun@gghnigeria.org, olawalesundayanimasaun@gmail.com
Received: 30 Mar 2025, Accepted: 09 Jul 2025, Published: 11 Aug 2025
Domain: Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Keywords: Viral haemorhagic fever, climate, one health, vector dynamics, diagnostics
©Olawale Sunday Animasaun et al. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health (ISSN: 2664-2824). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cite this article: Olawale Sunday Animasaun et al., Sero-molecular and vector surveillance of Lassa, Dengue, and Yellow fever viruses in Oyo State, Nigeria: a One Health approach. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2025;8(ConfProc5):00009. https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph-confpro5-00009
The world continues to face recurrent epidemics driven by arboviral and zoonotic pathogens, posing significant threats to global health. In Nigeria, underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are common due to weak surveillance systems, limited laboratory capacity, and poor health seeking behaviour. This study assessed the public health burden, vector abundance and climatic influences of Lassa fever virus (LASV), Dengue fever virus (DENV) and Yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in Oyo State, Nigeria.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023. Blood samples from 289 febrile humans were screened for LASV, DENV, and YFV using RT qPCR and serological assays, including IgM/IgG ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay kits. A total of 1,015 Aedes mosquitoes were trapped using Biogent Sentinel trap from 10 high risk LGAs, preserved in RNA Shield, and tested for YFV and DENV using RT qPCR. Additionally, 30 rats were trapped in Iwajowa LGA following LASV confirmation, preserved and tested for LASV via RT PCR. Meteorological data were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate models to explore associations between, infection, climate and vector dynamics
LASV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 9.7% and 10.7%, respectively. DENV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 6.6% and 37.7%. One individual tested positive for both LASV and DENV. Three LASV cases were confirmed by RT PCR in humans; no YFV or DENV RNA was detected in human or mosquito samples. Rodent samples tested negative for LASV. Aedes aegypti was the dominant species (79.5%) followed by Aedes albopictus and Aedes simpsoniwith seasonal population variations linked to climate patterns.
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