Conference Abstract | Volume 8, Abstract ELIC2025195 (Poster 154) | Published: 12 Aug 2025
Vivian Oluchi Nwechi1,&, Yetunde Abioye1, Fatima Saleh1, Jibril Mayowa Alliyu1, Esther Chioma Fejiokwu1, Stephen Ohuneni Adeshina1
1Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
&Corresponding author: Vivian Oluchi Nwechi, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria, Email: vivian.nwechi@ncdc.gov.ng
Received: 24 Mar 2025, Accepted: 09 Jul 2025, Published: 12 Aug 2025
Domain: Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Keywords: Lassa fever, health insurance, policy integration, epidemic preparedness, Nigeria
©Vivian Oluchi Nwechi et al. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health (ISSN: 2664-2824). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cite this article: Vivian Oluchi Nwechi et al., Sustainable financing for Lassa fever outbreak response: Policy and insurance integration in Nigeria. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2025;8(Conf Proc 5):00298. https://doi.org/10.37432/JIEPH-CONFPRO5-00298
Lassa fever remains endemic in Nigeria, yet diagnostics, treatment, and hospitalization are excluded from the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), leaving most patients to cover costs out-of-pocket. With NHIS coverage below 10%, both epidemic preparedness and financial protection are compromised. The 2022 National Health Insurance Authority Act offers a policy window to integrate Lassa fever services into NHIS and advance Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
A systematic desk review of national health policy, epidemic preparedness, and financing documents published between 2010 and 2024 was conducted using the PRISMA framework. Key sources included the NHIS Operational Guidelines (2012), National Health Policy (2016), NHIA Act (2022), Nigeria’s UHC Roadmap (2020–2030), and NCDC Lassa fever Incident Action Plans (2023–2024). Screening identified 62 unique records, 31 full texts were assessed, and 17 documents met inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis explored gaps in benefit design, financing barriers, and the roles of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund and the COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Project funds.
The review revealed that NHIS benefit packages omit Lassa fever services and that primary health centers in endemic states lack accreditation. Analysis of the 2023 Incident Action Plan showed that only 6 of 38 (16%) priority activities were fully implemented, 7 of 38 (18%) were partially implemented, and 25 of 38 (66%) were largely not conducted. In 2024, flexible, decentralized financing markedly improved Emergency Operations Centre activation and case reporting.
Achieving resilient and equitable outbreak response in Nigeria requires more than emergency activation—it demands structural reform. Integrating Lassa fever services into NHIS benefit packages is not just a policy option; it is a public health imperative. Strategic actions such as expanding NHIS accreditation to endemic PHCs, institutionalizing flexible subnational financing, and operationalizing joint NHIA–NCDC accountability frameworks can transform underfunded response plans into sustainable national capacity. These reforms will not only improve the execution of IAPs but also serve as a model for embedding epidemic preparedness within UHC systems across West Africa.
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